The third additions to the above symptoms, to be given a diagnosis of hyperactivity are still a few other conditions. Disruption the already settled at least 6 months, and occurred before the 7-year-old. These symptoms appear in at least 2 situations, such as at home and at school.
Problems commonly experienced by children hyperactive:
- In school
Found that, many hyperactive children have difficulty reading, writing, language, and mathematics. Especially for writing, hyperactive children have fine motor skills that are generally not as good as regular kid. Children are not able to follow the lessons delivered by teachers well. Easily disturbed concentration makes the child cannot absorb the lesson material as a whole.
- At home
Compared with other children, hyperactive children are more susceptible to anxiety and despair. In addition, he easily had psychosomatic disorders (health problems caused by psychological factors) such as headaches and abdominal pain. This is related to the low tolerance for frustration, so when experiencing disappointment, he was easy emotionally. In addition hyperactive children tend to be stubborn and easily angered when his wish was not immediately fulfilled. Constraint makes children less able to adjust to the environment. The children are considered naughty and often experience rejection from family and friends. Because often creates resentment, parents often treat children as less warm. Parents control the child and many, management oversight, much criticized, and even punishment. Children refuse and rebel reaction. The result is a tension between parents and children. The children and parents become stressed, and the situation becomes less comfortable at home. As a result children become more easily frustrated. Failure socialize everywhere foster a negative self concept. The children will feel that they are bad, always failing, inadequate, and rejected.
- Problems talking
Hyperactive child usually likes to talk. He's a lot of talk, but actually less efficient in communicating. Concentration disturbance makes him difficult to perform mutual communication. Hyperactive child tends to busy with them and less able to respond to the other person exactly.
- Physical problems
In general, hyperactive children have high levels of physical health is not as good as other kids. Some disorders such as asthma, allergies, and throat infections are common. During sleep are also not as quiet as other children. Many hyperactive children are difficult to sleep and frequent waking at night. In addition, the high level of physical activity children are also at high risk for accidents such as falls sprains, and so on.
Here are the factors that cause hyperactivity in children:
- Neurologic factors
The incidence of higher hyperactivity found in children born with prenatal problems such as length of labor, fetal distress, delivery by forceps extraction, or toxemia gravidarum eklampsia compared to normal pregnancy and childbirth. In addition, factors such as babies born with low weight, mothers who are too young, mothers who smoked and drank alcohol also raises the incidence hyperactive
The occurrence of slow brain development. Etiologic factor in neurologic hitherto prevalent for many is the dysfunction of one neurotransmitter in the brain called dopamine. Dopamine is an active substance that is useful to maintain the concentration
Some studies indicate the occurrence of disturbances of blood perfusion in certain areas in hyperactive children, namely in the striatum, the orbital-prefrontal regions, the orbital-limbic regions of the brain, especially the right hand side.
- Toxic factor
Some food substances such as salicylates and preservatives have the potential to form a hyperactive behavior in children. In addition, levels of lead (lead) in blood serum increased children, mothers who smoke and consume alcohol, exposed to X-rays during pregnancy can also give birth candidate hyperactive children.
- Genetic factors
Obtained a high correlation of hyperactivity that occurs in families with hyperactive children. Approximately 25-35% of the parents and relatives of childhood hyperactivity in children will decrease. This is also seen in twins.
- Psychosocial and environmental factors
in hyperactive children are often found in relationships that are considered wrong between parents with children.
Here are some ways that can be done by parents to educate and guide their children are classified as hyperactive
Parents need to increase knowledge about the hyperactivity disorder:
- Know your child's strengths and talents
- Helping children in social
- Using the techniques of behavior management, such as using positive reinforcement (such as giving praise when children eat in order), provide consistent discipline, and always monitor children's behavior
- Provide adequate space for children activities to channel the excess energy
- Accepting the limitations children
- Generating a child's confidence
- And working together with teachers in schools so that teachers understand the actual condition of the child
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